PULSCAR CODEBOOK — TRANSMISSION FLUID CHANGE, FLUSH, TOP-UP AND LIFETIME-FLUID COMPLAINTS (NHTSA, 2015 TO 4 OCTOBER 2026) Published alongside https://www.pulscar.io/blog/transmission-fluid-change-cost . License: CC BY 4.0. The codebook below was written before any complaint was coded, dated and hashed: 2026-10-07T04:28:03Z 4f4c9b9c8fbb5e8354c7231e50bbe8f5b9d6b848596a98a27f416fc1e6d96096 codebook.md (first line: UTC time of hashing; second line: sha256 of codebook.md as written) POOL HISTORY (before the codebook was hashed): an early version of the search kept only narratives that contained a fluid word, which silently dropped complaints saying a transmission was "serviced" without the word fluid; it found 2,878. The fluid prefilter was removed and pattern B2 ("transmission service(d)", "serviced the transmission") was added with a filter that drops dashboard messages ("Service Transmission" lights and similar, by the words listed under B2 in the appendix). The final first search, as in the appendix, found 3,002. ============================================================================== # Codebook — transmission fluid service complaints (transmission-fluid-change-cost study) Written before any complaint in the set was coded. ## Pool (how the complaints were found) NHTSA complaints received 2015-01-01 to 2026-10-04 (782,908 narratives, NHTSA flat files downloaded 07.10.2026). A complaint is in the pool if its narrative matches any of six case-insensitive patterns (A, B, B2, C, D, E) (exact patterns in the appendix of this file): A. A transmission-fluid term ("transmission fluid", "trans fluid", "tranny fluid", "transaxle fluid", "CVT fluid", "DCT fluid", "gearbox oil", "transmission oil", "ATF", "CVTF", "fluid in the transmission") within six words of a service or level word (change, flush, drain, refill, top off/up, add, fill, replace, service, exchange, swap, put, wrong, incorrect, improper, overfill, underfill, low, level, dipstick, lifetime, sealed). B. A service phrase: "transmission flush/exchange/drain and fill" (any transmission term, with or without "fluid"/"oil" between) or "flushed/drained the transmission"; or (B2) "transmission service(d/s/ing)", "serviced/servicing the transmission", "service the/my transmission", accepted only where no dashboard-warning word (light, lamp, message, warning, alert, display, indicator, notice, dash, reads, came on, popped, illuminated, flash, soon, now, required, needed, safely, restart) stands within 60 characters, because "SERVICE TRANSMISSION" is also a dashboard message. C. "Lifetime", "filled for life", "sealed", "maintenance free" or "never needs to be changed" next to fluid/transmission/ATF; "the transmission is sealed"; "no (transmission) dipstick"; "does not have a dipstick". D. "Flush" within six words of a transmission term. E. A narrative that names a transmission term anywhere AND a bare "fluid" within three words of a service word (changed, flushed, drained, refilled, serviced, exchanged, topped off, added, replaced, wrong, incorrect), where "fluid" is not preceded by brake, coolant, steering, washer, radiator, engine, differential, (transfer) case, clutch, hydraulic, wiper or windshield, or "drain and fill" (any spelling with and/&/n/+) anywhere in that narrative. The pool is wide on purpose: owners rarely use the words a shop uses. The readers decide relevance (N) for every complaint. For each complaint record exactly one CATEGORY and four yes/no FLAGS. "Transmission fluid" here means the fluid or oil of the vehicle's transmission or transaxle: automatic, CVT, dual-clutch or manual. It does NOT include transfer-case, differential, axle, power-steering, brake, clutch-hydraulic, engine-oil or coolant fluid. "A fluid service" means any of: flush or machine exchange, drain-and-fill or fluid change, fluid and filter or pan service, top-up or adding fluid, draining excess fluid, setting or checking the level. ## RELEVANCE N — Not about a transmission fluid service, level, fluid type or "lifetime"/sealed fluid on THIS vehicle. Examples of N: the match is another fluid (coolant flush, brake fluid, engine oil, power steering, transfer case, differential); the transmission fluid is mentioned only as leaking, burning, dark, smelling or containing metal, with no level check, top-up, service, wrong-fluid statement, "lifetime"/sealed statement, or recommendation of a fluid service; coolant or water entering the transmission through a cooler, radiator or seal with no fluid service described; a general remark not about this vehicle ("people say to change the fluid"); the owner only says "all maintenance was done" or "regular maintenance" with no transmission-fluid service named. A fluid service, level check/finding, top-up, recommendation or quote of a fluid service, a wrong-fluid statement, or a lifetime/sealed/ no-dipstick statement about THIS vehicle makes the complaint NOT N, even if the rest of the complaint is about something else. ## CATEGORY (one letter) — the transmission-fluid event the complaint describes on this vehicle W — Wrong fluid or a fluid service done wrong. The complaint states that the wrong type of fluid was put in, fluids were mixed, the fluid was overfilled or underfilled by a service, fluid was put in the wrong place (e.g. transmission fluid into the engine, engine oil into the transmission), the transmission was left without fluid or with a loose or missing plug or filter after a service, or a shop/dealer/maker says a fluid service was done incorrectly. Counts when the owner, a shop, a dealer or the maker states it (an owner's own suspicion without any evidence or statement — "maybe they used the wrong fluid" — does not count). F — Flush or machine exchange performed. The fluid was "flushed", given a "flush", "power flush", "fluid exchange", "fluid transfusion" or cooler-line exchange, without W. C — Fluid change or drain-and-fill performed. The fluid was "changed", "replaced", "drained and filled/refilled", "serviced", given a "transmission service", or the fluid and filter (or pan, gasket, screen) were replaced, without W or F. Includes an owner stating a past change (e.g. "the fluid was changed at 60,000 miles") and do-it-yourself changes. T — Top-up or level. The fluid level was checked and found low, high or correct by a shop, dealer or owner, OR fluid was added, topped off or drained down to level, without W, F or C. A leak repair that includes refilling counts here only if no change/flush is described. L — "Lifetime" or sealed fluid. The complaint states the transmission has lifetime fluid, is sealed, has no dipstick, has no fluid service interval, "never needs" a fluid change, or that the level cannot be checked without special tools/equipment, without W, F, C or T. R — Recommended, quoted, prescribed or refused only. A dealer, shop or maker recommended, quoted, prescribed (e.g. in a bulletin) or refused a transmission fluid service on this vehicle, or the owner asked for one, but the complaint does not say one was performed; without W, F, C, T or L. Precedence when more than one fits: W, then F, then C, then T, then L, then R. (A complaint describing a flush AND a later drain-and-fill is F; a top-up AND a recommended flush is T.) ## FLAGS (yes/no) fix_attempt — a fluid service (any of F, C, T, W) was performed, or one was recommended, quoted or prescribed (R), as a remedy or diagnostic step for a transmission symptom that already existed (slipping, shudder, harsh or delayed shifts, no movement, noise, warning light or transmission code). "no" for routine maintenance, mileage-based services, services done before any symptom, and L. helped — the complaint says the fluid service fixed, improved or temporarily relieved a transmission symptom ("fixed it", "better for a while", "helped for about 500 miles"). "no" when it did not help, when the outcome is not stated, or when no service was performed. worse_after — the complaint states that a transmission problem began, got worse, or the transmission failed AFTER a fluid service, and ties it in time to the service ("after the flush", "since the fluid change", "two days after", "within 1,000 miles of the service", "on the way home from the service"). An owner's general belief that fluid services damage transmissions, without a time link to a service on this vehicle, is "no". unit_replaced — the complaint says the transmission (or CVT/transaxle) assembly was replaced, rebuilt or remanufactured, OR that a dealer or shop diagnosed it as needing replacement or a rebuild, or quoted one. Replacing a valve body, solenoid, torque converter, pump, cooler, clutch pack or module alone is "no". ## Output One line per complaint, comma-separated, no header, in the order given: `odino,category,fix_attempt,helped,worse_after,unit_replaced,note` category is one of N W F C T L R; flags are yes or no; for N write no for all four flags. note: at most 15 words, no commas (use semicolons), naming the evidence (e.g. "dealer flush at 60k; shudder returned; trans replaced"). ## Appendix — exact pool regexes (Python, re.I) ``` T = (?:transmission|transmision|tranmission|transmisson|trans|tranny|transaxle|cvt|dct|dsg|gear\s*box|gearbox) FL = (?:fluids?|oils?) FLUID = (?:T\W{1,3}FL|\bATF\b|\bCVTF\b|FL\W+(?:in|for|of|from|to)\W+(?:the\W+|my\W+|its\W+)?T) ACT = (?:chang\w*|flush\w*|drain\w*|refill\w*|re-fill\w*|top(?:ped|ping|s)?\W*(?:it\W*|them\W*)?(?:off|up)|add(?:ed|ing|s)?|fill\w*|replac\w*|servic\w*|exchang\w*|wrong|incorrect|improper|overfill\w*|over\W?fill\w*|under\W?fill\w*|low|level|dip\s*stick\w*|lifetime|life\W?time|sealed|swap\w*|put) W = \W+(?:\w+\W+){0,6}? A = \bFLUID W ACT\b | \bACT W FLUID\b B = \bT\W+(?:fluid\W+|oil\W+)?(?:flush\w*|exchang\w*|drain\W*(?:and|&|n|\+)\W*fill)\b | \b(?:flush\w*|drain\w*)\W+(?:of\W+)?(?:the\W+|my\W+|their\W+|its\W+|her\W+|his\W+)?T\b B2 = any match of \bT\s+(?:fluid\s+|oil\s+)?servic(?:e|ed|es|ing)\b | \b(?:serviced|servicing)\s+(?:of\s+)?(?:the\s+|my\s+|their\s+|its\s+|her\s+|his\s+)?T\b | \bservices?\s+(?:of\s+)?(?:the|my|their|its|her|his|a)\s+T\b whose 60-character window on each side does not match light|lamp|message|msg|warning|alert|display|indicator|notice|dash|reads|came on|popped|illuminat|flash|soon|now\b|required|needed|safely|restart C = \b(?:lifetime|life\W?time|fill(?:ed)?\W+for\W+life|sealed|maintenance\W+free|never\W+(?:needs?|requires?)\W+(?:to\W+be\W+)?(?:changed|serviced))\W+(?:\w+\W+){0,4}?(?:fluid|T|atf)\b | \bT\W+(?:\w+\W+){0,3}?(?:is\W+|was\W+)?(?:sealed|lifetime)\b | \bno\W+(?:T\W+)?dip\W?stick | \b(?:doesn'?t|does\W+not|didn'?t|did\W+not)\W+(?:have|has)\W+an?\W+(?:T\W+)?dip\W?stick D = \bflush\w* W T\b | \bT W flush\w* E = (\bT\b anywhere) AND bare-fluid pattern: NOTPRE \bfluids?\W+(?:\w+\W+){0,3}?(?:chang\w*|flush\w*|drain\w*|refill\w*|re-fill\w*|servic\w*|exchang\w*|top(?:ped|ping)?\W+(?:it\W+)?(?:off|up)|added|replaced|wrong|incorrect)\b | \b(?:chang\w*|flush\w*|drain\w*|refill\w*|servic\w*|exchang\w*|top(?:ped|ping)?\W+off|added|replaced|wrong|incorrect)\W+(?:\w+\W+){0,3}? NOTPRE fluids?\b | \bdrain\W*(?:and|&|n|\+)\W*fill NOTPRE = negative lookbehinds for "brake ", "coolant ", "steering ", "washer ", "radiator ", "engine ", "differential ", "diff ", "case ", "clutch ", "hydraulic ", "wiper ", "windshield " Prefilter (speed only): narrative contains T. ``` ============================================================================== ADDENDUM FOR THE 278 COMPLAINTS ADDED BY THE COMPLETENESS AUDIT Written before any added complaint was coded, dated and hashed: 2026-10-07T06:45:33Z b3c3306642c60c1ce5fd67e2dc31407e1b8c800512e5a4d424d75d9304c1b1a8 codebook_addendum.md (The addendum repeats rules R1-R22, written while adjudicating the first 3,002.) # Codebook addendum — completeness-audit additions (transmission-fluid-change-cost study) Written before any of the added complaints was coded. ## What the added complaints are An independent audit searched the same complaint file for what the first search (codebook.md, patterns A-E) missed: narratives that say a transmission was "serviced" or "maintained" without the word fluid, flushes described without "transmission fluid" next to them, level and amount phrasing ("too much", "a quart low", "overfilled the transmission"), incidental level checks ("checked the transmission fluid, it was full"), "no way to check" and sealed/lifetime wording outside the original windows, and a few misspellings. 278 complaints were added. Code them exactly as the first 3,002, with the codebook above (codebook.md) AND the rules below, which written while adjudicating the first 3,002 (they refine, never replace, the codebook). ## Rules written while the first 3,002 complaints were adjudicated (apply them) R1 fix_attempt: a leak, a smell or a fluid finding alone is not a transmission symptom. Adding fluid or replacing lines and fluid for a leak is fix_attempt=no unless the complaint also names a drivability symptom (slip, shudder, harsh/delayed shift, no movement, noise, warning light or code) that the service or level check was meant to remedy or diagnose. A level found low while a shop diagnosed such a symptom is fix_attempt=yes. R2 helped needs an explicit statement that the symptom stopped, improved or was relieved, or a stated interval of relief ("returned 14 months later", "fine for 500 miles"). "Again" or "recurred" with no interval, and NHTSA's boilerplate "the vehicle was repaired; however, the failure recurred", are helped=no. R2b When the fluid service was done together with a larger repair (unit rebuild or replacement, valve body, torque converter, control module or software), an improvement is not attributed to the fluid: helped=no. R2c When fluid is topped off as part of repairing the leak or line that lost it, the top-up is fix_attempt=yes if the loss disabled the vehicle, and any improvement is attributed to the repair, not the fluid: helped=no (extends R2b). R2d Episodes that recur years apart, each answered with the same fluid service, or a stated period of relief ('fine until April', 'two weeks later'), count as helped=yes. R3 unit_replaced needs the unit replaced/rebuilt, or a shop, dealer or maker diagnosing or quoting it. The owner's own "needs a new transmission" does not count. "Front left/right transaxle" is an axle shaft, not the unit. R3b A quote 'to fix' or 'to repair' the transmission is unit_replaced=no unless replacement, rebuild or a new/remanufactured unit is named. R4 fix_attempt=yes only when the complaint ties the fluid service to an existing symptom (for, because of, to fix, done when the car was brought in for the symptom, or a symptom that "still" occurred after it). Mileage-based or schedule-based services and services listed among general maintenance are fix_attempt=no. R4b A level check or fluid finding made while the owner or a shop was diagnosing an existing transmission symptom counts as a diagnostic step: fix_attempt=yes. A generic statement that fluids are always kept at the right level is not. R5 worse_after needs a new or worse transmission problem stated as following the service (after, since, then, now, the next day). "Recurred", "continued" or "still" (even "increasingly") means not fixed: worse_after=no. R5b A failure a year or more after a service, which the owner does not link to the service, is worse_after=no. R5c A pre-existing symptom that the owner says continued and grew worse after an unsuccessful fluid service is 'not fixed', not worse_after, unless the narrative attributes the worsening to the service or describes a new failure right after it. R5d A problem appearing thousands of miles or months after a routine service, without the owner tying it to the service, is worse_after=no. R5e Onset within about 2,000 miles or a few weeks of a fluid service, which the owner mentions as 'recent' or 'within the following weeks', is worse_after=yes (refines R5d). R6 A maker bulletin that the owner cites as prescribing a fluid replacement or flush for their model's symptom, with no statement it was performed, is R (prescribed), fix_attempt=yes. A mechanic's general description of what shops "supposedly" do, not a recommendation for this vehicle, is N. R7 A level found dry/empty or low on inspection is T even on a sealed transmission (T precedes L). R8 An owner's own opinion that a fluid service should have been done or is needed, with no request to a shop, recommendation, quote or refusal, is N (unless another fluid event is described). R9 Draining the fluid only to inspect it during a diagnosis (no fill, no service) is not a fluid service; with nothing else, N. R10 An additive poured into the transmission (e.g. a shudder-fix packet) counts as fluid added: T. R11 A dashboard 'transmission fluid low/insufficient' message alone, with no one checking the level or adding fluid, is not a level check: N unless another fluid event is described. R12 The maker's schedule quoted by the owner (owner's manual or maintenance schedule interval, e.g. 'no transmission service until 150,000 miles') is a maker recommendation: R, fix_attempt=no; a 'lifetime'/no-interval statement is L. R13 A cooler and line flush done or recommended together with a unit replacement counts as F (done) or R (recommended), per the codebook's F wording; the fill of a new unit alone does not. R14 Per the codebook, 'transmission service(d)' counts as a fluid service (C). Exceptions: 'serviced' used for a repair of a failed unit (rebuild, clutch replacement, 'serviced again after it went out'), 'an unknown service', and a transmission filter replaced with no mention of the fluid — none is a fluid service (N unless another fluid event is described). R15 A fluid service that comes with a rebuild or new unit (fill of the rebuilt unit) is not itself a fix attempt; an overfill or underfill by that work is W. R16 Overfilling or underfilling stated by a shop counts as W whoever did the filling (owner top-ups included): it is a fluid service done wrong. R17 When the narrative says the fluid was changed 'or' flushed without saying which, C; when the same event is called both a change and a flush, F. R18 An owner's unsupported belief that a shop failed to check or refill the fluid (no low level found, no shop statement) is not W; with no other fluid event, N. R19 A failure that a dealer or shop attributes to an earlier fluid service (e.g. wrong fluid installed) is worse_after=yes whatever the interval. R20 fix_attempt and worse_after concern TRANSMISSION symptoms only; a fluid service done for an engine, differential, steering or brake symptom is fix_attempt=no, and that component's later failure is not worse_after. R21 A dealer statement that the fluid had leaked out (level found low) is T, even when the vehicle has no dipstick (T precedes L). R22 'Sealed' used only to describe the housing, with nothing about fluid service, checking or intervals, is not L. ============================================================================== RULES ADDED WHILE THE 278 AUDIT ADDITIONS WERE ADJUDICATED (after the addendum was hashed) R23 A level check with nothing added or removed changes nothing, so a problem that follows it is not worse_after. R24 An unspecified transmission 'tune-up', or 'maintenance performed on the transmission' as a repair attempt, with no fluid, filter or flush named, is not a fluid service (like R14). A scheduled 'transmission service' or 'transmission maintenance' at a mileage interval stays C, per the codebook. ============================================================================== ALL RULES AS APPLIED (the rule_applied column of the complaints file names these) R1 fix_attempt: a leak, a smell or a fluid finding alone is not a transmission symptom. Adding fluid or replacing lines and fluid for a leak is fix_attempt=no unless the complaint also names a drivability symptom (slip, shudder, harsh/delayed shift, no movement, noise, warning light or code) that the service or level check was meant to remedy or diagnose. A level found low while a shop diagnosed such a symptom is fix_attempt=yes. R2 helped needs an explicit statement that the symptom stopped, improved or was relieved, or a stated interval of relief ("returned 14 months later", "fine for 500 miles"). "Again" or "recurred" with no interval, and NHTSA's boilerplate "the vehicle was repaired; however, the failure recurred", are helped=no. R2b When the fluid service was done together with a larger repair (unit rebuild or replacement, valve body, torque converter, control module or software), an improvement is not attributed to the fluid: helped=no. R3 unit_replaced needs the unit replaced/rebuilt, or a shop, dealer or maker diagnosing or quoting it. The owner's own "needs a new transmission" does not count. "Front left/right transaxle" is an axle shaft, not the unit. R4 fix_attempt=yes only when the complaint ties the fluid service to an existing symptom (for, because of, to fix, done when the car was brought in for the symptom, or a symptom that "still" occurred after it). Mileage-based or schedule-based services and services listed among general maintenance are fix_attempt=no. R5 worse_after needs a new or worse transmission problem stated as following the service (after, since, then, now, the next day). "Recurred", "continued" or "still" (even "increasingly") means not fixed: worse_after=no. R6 A maker bulletin that the owner cites as prescribing a fluid replacement or flush for their model's symptom, with no statement it was performed, is R (prescribed), fix_attempt=yes. A mechanic's general description of what shops "supposedly" do, not a recommendation for this vehicle, is N. R7 A level found dry/empty or low on inspection is T even on a sealed transmission (T precedes L). R8 An owner's own opinion that a fluid service should have been done or is needed, with no request to a shop, recommendation, quote or refusal, is N (unless another fluid event is described). R9 Draining the fluid only to inspect it during a diagnosis (no fill, no service) is not a fluid service; with nothing else, N. R10 An additive poured into the transmission (e.g. a shudder-fix packet) counts as fluid added: T. R11 A dashboard 'transmission fluid low/insufficient' message alone, with no one checking the level or adding fluid, is not a level check: N unless another fluid event is described. R12 The maker's schedule quoted by the owner (owner's manual or maintenance schedule interval, e.g. 'no transmission service until 150,000 miles') is a maker recommendation: R, fix_attempt=no; a 'lifetime'/no-interval statement is L. R13 A cooler and line flush done or recommended together with a unit replacement counts as F (done) or R (recommended), per the codebook's F wording; the fill of a new unit alone does not. R5b A failure a year or more after a service, which the owner does not link to the service, is worse_after=no. R5c A pre-existing symptom that the owner says continued and grew worse after an unsuccessful fluid service is 'not fixed', not worse_after, unless the narrative attributes the worsening to the service or describes a new failure right after it. R5d A problem appearing thousands of miles or months after a routine service, without the owner tying it to the service, is worse_after=no. R14 Per the codebook, 'transmission service(d)' counts as a fluid service (C). Exceptions: 'serviced' used for a repair of a failed unit (rebuild, clutch replacement, 'serviced again after it went out'), 'an unknown service', and a transmission filter replaced with no mention of the fluid — none is a fluid service (N unless another fluid event is described). R4b A level check or fluid finding made while the owner or a shop was diagnosing an existing transmission symptom counts as a diagnostic step: fix_attempt=yes. A generic statement that fluids are always kept at the right level is not. R2c When fluid is topped off as part of repairing the leak or line that lost it, the top-up is fix_attempt=yes if the loss disabled the vehicle, and any improvement is attributed to the repair, not the fluid: helped=no (extends R2b). R15 A fluid service that comes with a rebuild or new unit (fill of the rebuilt unit) is not itself a fix attempt; an overfill or underfill by that work is W. R16 Overfilling or underfilling stated by a shop counts as W whoever did the filling (owner top-ups included): it is a fluid service done wrong. R17 When the narrative says the fluid was changed 'or' flushed without saying which, C; when the same event is called both a change and a flush, F. R18 An owner's unsupported belief that a shop failed to check or refill the fluid (no low level found, no shop statement) is not W; with no other fluid event, N. R19 A failure that a dealer or shop attributes to an earlier fluid service (e.g. wrong fluid installed) is worse_after=yes whatever the interval. R3b A quote 'to fix' or 'to repair' the transmission is unit_replaced=no unless replacement, rebuild or a new/remanufactured unit is named. R20 fix_attempt and worse_after concern TRANSMISSION symptoms only; a fluid service done for an engine, differential, steering or brake symptom is fix_attempt=no, and that component's later failure is not worse_after. R2d Episodes that recur years apart, each answered with the same fluid service, or a stated period of relief ('fine until April', 'two weeks later'), count as helped=yes. R21 A dealer statement that the fluid had leaked out (level found low) is T, even when the vehicle has no dipstick (T precedes L). R22 'Sealed' used only to describe the housing, with nothing about fluid service, checking or intervals, is not L. R5e Onset within about 2,000 miles or a few weeks of a fluid service, which the owner mentions as 'recent' or 'within the following weeks', is worse_after=yes (refines R5d). R23 A level check with nothing added or removed changes nothing, so a problem that follows it is not worse_after. R24 An unspecified transmission 'tune-up', or 'maintenance performed on the transmission' as a repair attempt, with no fluid, filter or flush named, is not a fluid service (like R14). A scheduled 'transmission service' or 'transmission maintenance' at a mileage interval stays C, per the codebook. PATTERN IDS in the matched_by column: A_fluid_action, B_service_phrase, B2_transmission_service_not_warning, C_lifetime_sealed, D_flush_near_trans, E_bare_fluid_service_in_transmission_narrative are the first-search patterns in the appendix above; audit:XX are the completeness audit's patterns (described in method.txt).